This domain of our applications will be based on mathematical models as developed in collaboration with nationally renowned experts in the field with continued development of pharmacokinetic models that consider individualized dosing strategies.

Below are some of the supportive publications to date…
Click HERE to meet the PK Team scientists.

Individualized Hydrocodone Therapy Based on Phenotype, Pharmacogenetics, and Pharmacokinetic Dosing.
Linares OA, Fudin J, Daly-Linares A, Boston RC.
Clin J Pain. 2015 Jan 23. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 25621429

CYP2D6 Phenotype-Specific Codeine Population Pharmacokinetics.
Linares OA, Fudin J, Schiesser WE, Daly Linares AL, Boston RC.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2015 Jan 6. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 25562725

Organ-specific microcirculatory mass transport of oxycodone in humans: clinical implications for therapeutic use.
Linares OA, Schiesser WE, Daly A.
Clin J Pain. 2015 Mar;31(3):206-13.

Oxycodone recycling: a novel hypothesis of opioid tolerance development in humans.
Linares OA, Fudin J, Schiesser WE, Linares AD, Boston RC.
Med Hypotheses. 2014 Sep;83(3):326-31. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
PMID: 24986643

Personalized oxycodone dosing: using pharmacogenetic testing and clinical pharmacokinetics to reduce toxicity risk and increase effectiveness.
Linares OA, Daly D, Linares AD, Stefanovski D, Boston RC.
Pain Med. 2014 May;15(5):791-806. doi: 10.1111/pme.12380. Epub 2014 Feb 12. PMID: 24517173

A transit compartment model unmasks OxyContin’s reflective pharmacokinetics from urine measurements in humans.
Linares OA, Schiesser WE, Linares AD, Stefanovski D, Boston RC.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2014 Jun;28(2):96-108.
PMID: 24813654

The CYP2D6 gene determines oxycodone’s phenotype-specific addictive potential: implications for addiction prevention and treatment.
Linares OA, Daly D, Stefanovski D, Boston RC.
Med Hypotheses. 2014 Mar;82(3):390-4.
PMID: 24495562

A new model for using quantitative urine testing as a diagnostic tool for oxycodone treatment and compliance.
Linares OA, Daly D, Stefanovski D, Boston RC.
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother. 2013 Aug;27(3):244-54.
PMID: 23879213

Ordinary differential equation PK/PD models using the SAS macro NLINMIX.

Galecki AT, Wolfinger RD, Linares OA, Smith MJ, Halter JB.
J Biopharm Stat. 2004 May;14(2):483-503. PMID: 15206541